The apex of Greek astronomy was reached within the Hellenistic period by the Alexandrian faculty. Aristarchus (c.310–c.230 BC) determined the sizes and distances of the moon and solar relative to the earth and advocated a heliocentric (sun-centered) cosmology. Though there were errors in his assumptions, his strategy was actually scientific; his work was the primary serious attempt to make a scale model of the universe. The first accurate measurement of the actual (versus relative) size of the earth was made by Eratosthenes (284–192 BC).
Hipparchus lived around 127 BCE. He was Greek astronomer and mathematician. He found the precession of the equinoxes, calculated the size of the 12 months to inside 6.5 minutes, compiled the primary identified star catalog, and made an early formulation of trigonometry. His star catalog logged the positions of the stars in terms of celestial coordinates, listed about 850 stars, and specified their brightness by a system of six magnitudes, which appears similar to fashionable calculations. He correctly recorded the irregularity of the Moon’s motion that was as a consequence of its elliptical orbit. Hiscontribution to geography was his growth of latitude and longitude.
Greek and Hellenistic astronomers played a major position within the historic evolution of Western astronomy. Greek astronomy begins with a rational, logical, and physical clarification for outer area actions. Many of the constellations of the northern hemisphere are understood from Greek astronomy together with the names of many stars and planets. Although early Greek astronomy was influenced by Babylonian and Egyptian astronomy, it laid the foundation for growth of Indian, Arabic,and Western European astronomy. The Librarian Who Measured the Earth , by Kathryn Lasky (1994). An account of the life and work of Eratosthenes, who discovered the circumference of the earth. Explains how he did it. For youths.
Aristotle lived round 384 to 322 BCE. He was a Greek thinker and scientist whose ideas decided the course of Western intellectual history for two thousand years. He developed two causes for believing the planet Earth was round. First, when he observed a ship arriving over the horizon, its flagpole was initially seen, then its deck, and later your entire ship. Second, he noticed that the Earth’s shadow on the moon throughout a lunar eclipse was curved. He decided that only a spherical Earth may produce such a shadow. He proposed a geocentric (Earth-centered) photo voltaic system.
Whether or not we like it or not, the technical details of astronomy have influencedcosmology for the reason that time of the ancient Greeks. The basic two-sphere model (with extra circles or spheres for individuals who cared about planetary details) becamethe dominant cosmological model throughout the traditional Mediterranean and past.In the course of the Center Ages, Islamic and Christian students adopted this cosmology andincorporated it into their writings with solely minor modifications. (One important additionwas the placement of Heaven, the house of God and angels, simply past thesphere of the stars.) This world-view made its method into necessary literaturesuch as Dante’s Divine Comedy
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