Speculation about the cosmos was common in Pre-Socratic philosophy in the 6th and fifth centuries BC. Anaximander (c. 610 BC–c. 546 BC) described a cylindrical earth suspended in the heart of the cosmos, surrounded by rings of fireside. Philolaus (c. 480 BC–c. 405 BC) the Pythagorean described a cosmos with the stars, planets, Solar , Moon , Earth , and a counter-Earth ( Antichthon )—ten our bodies in all—circling an unseen central fire. Such experiences show that Greeks of the sixth and fifth centuries BC have been aware of the planets and speculated in regards to the structure of the cosmos. The planets in early Greek astronomy edit
The Subaru Telescope (left) and Keck Observatory (center) on Mauna Kea , both examples of an observatory that operates at near-infrared and visual wavelengths. The NASA Infrared Telescope Facility (right) is an example of a telescope that operates solely at near-infrared wavelengths. Stars which look like near one another have been grouped into constellations — different cultures had different constellations, although there have been some similarities. The modern northern constellations are based on the traditional Greek and Roman ones. We now know that the stars of any constellation aren’t usually associated, but that their apparent closeness is a line-of sight effect.
New Horizons will present up-close appears at Kerberos, Styx and their companion moons in 2015, when it turns into the primary spacecraft to fly by way of the Pluto system. “The discoveries of Kerberos and Styx add to the mysteries surrounding the formation of the Pluto system,” says New Horizons Principal Investigator Alan Stern, of the Southwest Analysis Institute. Claudius Ptolemy was a Greek-Roman citizen of Egypt who wrote in Greek. He was a mathematician, astronomer, geographer, astrologer, and poet of a single epigram within the Greek Anthology. Wikipedia from Mesopotamia 2000 BC Mesopotamian clergymen start holding systematic astronomical data. Observations of the stars and planets made in India and China.
Hipparchus of Nicea (a hundred ninety-one hundred twenty B.C.). ( Ίππαρχος) Greek astronomer and mathematician. Considered the best astronomer of historical times. Developed a system of planetary movement with the Earth on the center. This method was later refined by Ptolemy. Used data from a total eclipse of the sun and parallax to determine accurately the distance and size of the moon. The identical data gave values for the space and measurement of the sun an order of magnitude smaller than there precise values. Compiled the primary tables of twine size, forerunner of trigonometric tables.
The Babylonians named Mercury after their divinity Nebo or Nabu, – the document keeper, god of writing, and messenger to the gods. As Mount Sinai in Egypt is named for the Babylonian moon god Sin, Mount Nebo, in current-day Jordan, is known as after the Babylonian god of the planet Mercury. In Babylonian astronomy Mercury was associated with both sexes due to its appearance as both an evening and a morning star. Ghigo, F. (7 February 2006). “Karl Jansky and the Discovery of Cosmic Radio Waves” National Radio Astronomy Observatory. Archived from the unique on 31 August 2006 Retrieved 24 August 2006
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